INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Antimicrobial resistance has been a major public health challenge in the last 50 years and is likely to remain that way for another 50 years. Part of the problem is the over bearing importance of antimicrobials and reduced contributions to the development of new antimicrobials (Berdy, 2012; Asif, 2017; Bokhary et al., 2021).
The rate of antimicrobial consumption is USD 33.2 billion annually. Marketing records show that annual sale of antimicrobials makes up 64.3% of the total pharmaceutical sales annually. Out of these rates of sales and consumptions nearly 41% of antimicrobials are sold without prescription and without laboratory diagnosis. These improper practices are major contributors to Antimicrobial resistance. The rate of Antimicrobial resistance is horribly on the rise. Research statistics show annual diagnosed incidences of antimicrobial resistance (%), resulting 700,000 deaths globally. In Africa, antimicrobial resistance is on the rise, in Nigeria, 50.3% of healthcare workers exhibited prescribing behavior that could result to antmicrobial resistance. In Osun state Nigeria, although few research studies have confirmed antimicrobial resistance, the prevalence in resistance to a set of antibiotics was 47% overall (Bolaji et al., 2011; Reta, 2019; Chukwu et al., 2021).
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