LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Antimicrobial Resistance
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major challenge facing global health care and it typically impacts food security all of which is revealed as morbidity and mortality. The burden of infectious diseases in developing regions such as Africa is a major disadvantage in the face of infectious diseases. AMR plays a critical role in these developing nations, in that, the people are unable to afford stronger medications such as the second line medications required to combat infections that have proven resistant to the first line antibiotics, in addition, antibiotics may not be readily available, other factors such as poor sanitation and low standard of living contribute indirectly to AMR. Common infections such as tuberculosis and Malaria are now difficult to treat in these kinds of communities and many children die from childhood dysentery, AMR worsens the case for HIV/AIDS patients.AMR is only growing because of use and misuse of antibiotics other than the natural transfer of resistance. Misuse factors such as in livestock as growth enhancers and in the prevention of diseases although in low doses that are insufficient to kill the pathogens, this is one of the major contributors to AMR and has left developing nations (were regulation of antibiotic use in livestock is poor), to suffer from the consequences of antibiotic abuse (Iwu-Jajaet al., 2021).
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